Which of the following is not considered a common advocacy tactic?

Complaining to a friend is not considered a common advocacy tactic because it lacks the proactive approach that is typically associated with advocacy efforts. Advocacy is about influencing change or raising awareness on specific issues, and it usually involves some form of direct communication to decision-makers, organizations, or the public at large.

Engaging in activities like making telephone calls, writing letters, and sending e-mails are all actions that can directly impact an issue by reaching out to relevant stakeholders, policymakers, or organizations. These methods allow individuals to articulate their concerns or support for a cause in a more formal and impactful manner, often leading to a response or action from the recipient. In contrast, simply complaining to a friend does not generate any external action or influence, as it remains within a private context without contributing to advocacy efforts in a meaningful way.