What model of disability emphasizes social context and barriers rather than individual impairment?

The social model of disability emphasizes the impact of societal barriers and the social environment on individuals with disabilities, rather than focusing solely on the medical or biological aspects of their impairments. This model posits that disability is not just a result of an individual's physical or mental limitations, but rather how society is organized. It argues that many barriers—such as inaccessible buildings, negative attitudes, and discriminatory policies—hinder individuals' full participation in society. By prioritizing social context, this model calls for societal change to remove obstacles and create inclusive environments.

In contrast, the medical model views disability primarily as a deficiency or abnormality, concentrating on diagnosis and treatment. The moral and biological models similarly do not address the broader social factors that contribute to the experience of disability.