What is the main difference between bipolar disorder and depression?

The main distinction between bipolar disorder and depression lies in the presence of manic episodes. In bipolar disorder, individuals experience significant mood fluctuations that include episodes of mania or hypomania, which are characterized by elevated or irritable moods, increased energy, and possibly impulsive behavior. These manic episodes are a defining feature that differentiates bipolar disorder from unipolar depression, where the mood is consistently low without the occurrence of manic or hypomanic episodes. This crucial element highlights the complexity of bipolar disorder, as it involves a broader spectrum of mood experiences than depression, which is typically characterized solely by depressive symptoms. This understanding is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategies.