What example represents a potential breach of protected health information (PHI)?

The scenario where an unauthorized person accesses protected health information (PHI) is a clear representation of a potential breach because it directly involves the violation of patient privacy and confidentiality, which are fundamental components of health information security. PHI includes any health information that can identify an individual, including medical records, treatment information, and even demographic data. When someone who is not authorized to view or handle this sensitive information gains access, it not only contravenes legal regulations such as HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) but also poses risks to individuals whose data is compromised.

This emphasizes the importance of safeguarding PHI and the necessity for strict access controls within healthcare environments. Furthermore, the act of unauthorized access can have serious repercussions, not just for the individual involved but also for the organization that failed to protect its patients' information.

In contrast, willingly sharing information does not constitute a breach; it is often a controlled part of patient communication and consent processes. Penalties imposed on employers relate more to compliance issues rather than direct breaches of PHI. Lastly, conducting staff training sessions generally aims to enhance the awareness and handling of PHI, promoting better compliance rather than breaching it.