How were large institutions like Pennhurst State School viewed in terms of care for individuals with disabilities?

Large institutions like Pennhurst State School were viewed as inadequate and harmful primarily due to the systemic issues and abuses reported within these facilities. Over the years, numerous investigations and studies highlighted the negative experiences of individuals with disabilities who resided in such environments. These institutions often lacked the necessary resources and individualized care, leading to overcrowded and inhumane conditions.

While some may have argued the intent behind these institutions was to provide care and shelter, the reality was that many residents experienced neglect, abuse, and a significant lack of appropriate therapeutic interventions. The institutional model prioritized containment rather than personalized support or the development of life skills, which contributed to the long-standing stigma surrounding institutions like Pennhurst.

This perspective shifted significantly over time, leading to the deinstitutionalization movement, which emphasized community-based living and the right of individuals with disabilities to engage in society. The view of large institutions as inadequate and harmful is crucial in understanding the evolution of care for individuals with disabilities and the societal shift toward more humane and supportive models.